James Paul Wesley

From Benjamin Wesley Publisher, the free source of James Paul Wesley's works and references
Portrait of James Paul Wesley
Portrait of James Paul Wesley.


James Paul Wesley (born 28 July 1921 in St. Louis, Missouri; died 20 January 2007 in Germany) was an American multidisciplinary theoretical physicist known for his study of quantum theory, the properties of light, mathematical physics and advocacy for absolute space–time. He received his Masters and Doctorate degree from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), and was a professor at the University of Missouri, Rolla for 10 years. During his career he authored and co–authored 11 books and has published over 100 scientific papers. His contribution to physics are the concepts of Wesley Gravitation[1] and having co-authored a paper that first proposed a toroidal ring model for the electron.[2]

While still in the US he held multiple research physicist positions over the years, and most notably was a Research Fellow at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and a Fellow at the Center Advanced Study Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) at Stanford University, California. In addition to his contributions to academia he assisted the US government through contract work for the Department of Energy (DOE), Bureau of Ships,[3] NASA,[4] and the Department of Commerce (DOC).[5]

Biography

Parents and siblings

Fay and Edgar Family Portrait with children from the left: Phyllis, Louis, Paul, Medford, Elaine;
[6] Fay and Edgar Family Portrait with children from the left: Phyllis, Louis, Paul, Medford, Elaine;

James Paul Wesley was born to the parents of Edgar Bruce Wesley (1891–1980) and Nannie Fay Wesley (1893–1969) and grew up in a large family with five other siblings Silas Medford, Phyllis, Louis, Elaine, and John Wesley.[7] His dad was a professor, academic, and educator in the social sciences field and himself has authored or co-authored many books including his "Too Short the Days" 1966 his autobiography, and many academic works with two mentioned here "Teaching social studies in elementary schools",[8] and "NEA: the first hundred years : the building of the teaching profession".[9]

Marriages

He had eight children during his life to four wives. He married Margaret Ellen Martin, June 1943 and had one child and divorced in 1952; He married Dorothy Ree Casey, August 1952 and had three children and divorced in 1963; He married Michelle, June l963, and had one child and divorced in 1967; He got married one last time with Gabriele Beate Modest, July 30, 1975 and had three children until death separated them.[7]

Hobbies and special interests

In addition to scientific work James Paul Wesley has devoted his free time to painting and over the years, more than 350 oil paintings emerged on various topics, including photos of his wife and children and self-portraits. As part of the tenth and the twelfth Blumberger art exhibition these oil paintings could be seen of him for the first time. He also enjoyed hiking, playing the harmonica, and was a trained and capable piano player.[7]

Death and burial

He died, January 20, 2007, of old age in Blumberg Germany and was cremated and buried anonymously at the Waldfriedhof in Schaffhausen Switzerland.[10]

Associates and Friends

Education

Primary and secondary

Washburn High School in Minneapolis, 1939.

Undergraduate

BA, University Minnesota, 1943.

Graduate and PhD

He finished his Masters at UCLA in 1949 and his PhD in Physics in 1952.

Postgraduate

He continued his post graduate work in San Diego at the University of California, Marine Physical Laboratory of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography under the direction of Professor Carl Eckart. Here with his fellow researcher Alfredo Baños he completed his post graduate academic and research work. The culmination of which where a research paper published in September 1953 of Part I on "The Horizontal Electric Dipole in a Conducting Half–Space"[3] under sponsored contract by the Bureau of Ships, Contract NObsr – 43356, NE - 120221-5, SIO Reference 53-33, and a follow-on paper published in August 1954 of Part II on "The Horizontal Electric Dipole in a Conducting Half-Space, II" under direction of Sir Charles Wright, and Professor L. B. Slichter, Director of the Institute of Geophysics, Los Angeles.

Career

1940–1961

Various positions, 1943–50; professor physics University Idaho, Moscow, 1953–56; research geophysicist Newmont Exploration, Ltd., Jerome, Arizona, 1955–56; From 1956 to 1961 he worked as a research physicist in Berkley at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory "Rad Lab" of the University of California. His first work at the Rad lab, published in 1959, was Shielding Against Magnetic Radiation Loss from A Hot Plasma[11] and was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The key outcome of the research was that classical electromagnetic theory indicates that a conducting metallic shield can reduce the magnetic radiation loss from a hot plasma undergoing D–D burn to less than 1% or two orders of magnitude. In April 2, 1961 he published the culmination of his research of "Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space"[5] under Contract No. W–7405–eng–48 of the DOC and auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.

Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Cover Page.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Cover Page.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Abstract.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Abstract.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Title Page.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Title Page.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Conclusion.
Wesley, J. P., Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space, Conclusion.

1961–1974

In 1961–1962 he held a Fellowship position a the The Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, and a concurrent Special Fellowship at the National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health (NIH); From 1962 to 1963 he was a research physicist at the University of Denver Research Institute and there wrote his book on Ecophysics The Application of Physics to Ecology;[12] Melpar, Inc., Falls Church, Virginia, 1963, Roland F. Beers, Inc., Alexandria, 1964; From 1965 to 1966 he worked under a year' s grant from NASA to estimate the likelihood of life existing in the solar system. Under the grant he published the paper Thermodynamic estimate of the likelihood of life in the solar system;[4] Between 1963 to 1974 he worked as a professor in physics a the University Missouri, Rolla and went on a Sabbatical at I. Prigogine at the University Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium in 1971.[2]

1974–2007

Consultant on quantum theory, space-time physics, others Berlin and Blumberg, Germany. Author, co-author and editor of many theoretical scientific works including: Causal Quantum Theory, 1983,[13] Advanced Fundamental Physics, 1991,[14] Classical Quantum Theory, 1996,[15] To Appreciate Physics, 2000; Co–editor with Stefan Marinov: Proc. International Conference on Space-Time Absoluteness, 1982,[16] Co-editor with Umberto Bartocci: Proc. Conference on Foundations of Mathematics and Physics, 1991,[17] Co–Author with Peter Marquardt and Georg Galeczki: Physics as a Science, 1998,[18] 2d edition, 2001; Editor: Progress in Space-Time Physics, 1987,[19] Co–Author with Peter Marquardt: Light & Photon Flux, 2006;[20] contributor to over 100 articles to professional journals.

Views

Based on the short biography by Marquis Who' s Who in the World James Paul Wesley' s religious views are considered to be Unitarian Universalist.[7] During the cold war era he was openly opposed to developing and using nuclear weapons technology to maintain the peace with Russia, which resulted in the loss of employment and other harassment.[2]

Awards, honors, and memberships

Memberships

Member American Physical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Honors

Named as a Research fellow by the American National Bureau Standards in 1950.

Bibliography

Popular publications

selected topics Scientific Physics Cover Page.
selected topics in Scientific Physics Book Cover.

Synopsis: "Scientific Physics is physics based upon ordinary empirical scientific principles. Traditional orthodox physics has become mired down in mystical ideas, antiscientific principles, and denials of obvious experimental facts. The evidence reviewed in this book proves space-time is absolute – no "special relativity" nonsense. A cosmology is presented for an eternal, infinite, uniform in-the-large, steady–state, non expanding universe that fits all of the facts – no impossible "big bang", no "curved space", no expanding universe", no "bounded universe", etc. The far reaching consequences of mass-energy equivalence (known in the 1800s) are explored, yielding neomechanics in absolute space-time, a new gravitational theory, etc. An electrodynamic field theory is presented that agrees with Ampere' s original force law, with Weber electrodynamics for slowly varying effects, and predicts longitudinal E waves (recently observed), yields the force that drives the Marinov motor and that explains the Aharonov–Bohm effect – no error ridden Maxwell theory, no Faraday law of electromagnetic induction, no absurd Biot–Savart law, etc. The conditions for creating thermodynamic order are presented, which indicate why low entropy life exists, why stars are born from high entropy gas and dust, why territorial behavior of all organisms and man, etc. It is shown how quantum particles move along discrete trajectories as explicitly functions of time to yield all observed wave behavior. The empirically correct Wesley wave, ψ = sin[p • (rvt) / Κ ], for free particles is generalized to yield wave equations for bound particles – no "wave-particle duality", no single particle interference with itself, no single particle going through both slits to product interference, no "uncertainty principle", no intrinsic "probability amplitudes", no superposition of physical states, no ' complementarity' , no astrological ' nonlocality' , no thoughts affecting experimental results, no ' indistinguishable' particles, no ' expectation values' as observables, no ' operator approach", no etc."

selected topics in ADVANCED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS Cover Page.
selected topics in ADVANCED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS Book Cover.

Synopsis: "This book is suitable for an advanced course in fundamental physics. The latest evidence and theories in certain crucial areas are presented and analyzed free from the restraints of old ineffective traditional ideas. The empirical facts agree with the absolute space-time of Newton. Galilean kinematics is fundamental. When all experiments are considered the oneway energy velocity of light is found to be c fixed with respect to absolute space. As predicted by Voigt in 1887, the Michelson–Morley result is a Doppler effect in absolute space-time. Kaufmann mechanics, where the particle momentum is p = m v / \sqrt{1 - v^2 / c^2} and v is the absolute velocity, while probably correct, needs further confirmation. Mass energy equivalence, E = mc2, is an important fundamental fact. Newtonian gravitation extended to include the mass equivalent of the field energy itself as part of the source mass yields Hubble' s constant and permits super massive bodies (black holes). Quasars and galaxies can arise as collisions between super massive bodies. the Weber potential from electrodynamics when applied to gravitation yields Mach' s principle. Recent decisive experiments show that Weber electrodynamics, extended to fields and radiation, is correct and that Maxwell theory is wrong. The original Ampere force law is correct; and the Biot–Savart law, which violates Newton' s third law, is wrong. The spinning charged ring model of the electron, held together by electromagnetic forces only, yields all of the electron' s properties including the anomalous magnetic moment. Quantum theory is based upon classical wave theory where the phase is {\textstyle p \cdot (r - vt) / h.} Poynting' s vector prescribes discrete particle trajectories that yield interference patterns, including the double pinhole pattern. Initial conditions prescribes exact subsequent motion as in classical physics. Four bound particles the Schrödinger equation yields the usual eigenvalues. Irreversible thermodynamic ordering processes in an open system are driven by entropy production. A statistical thermodynamic system with a temperature greater than 2.7°K open to deep space proceeds towards states of lower entropy. This powerful law of nature indicates the direction of cosmological processes and the evolution of life. The 2.7°K cosmic background is the red shifted light from the most distant galaxies."

Causal Quantum Theory Cover Page.
Causal Quantum Theory Book Cover.

Synopsis: "Causal Quantum Theory presents original research derived from more than 35 years of study. Quantum mechanics is treated in a completely causal deterministic manner. Particle trajectories, which yield interference and diffraction patters, are prescribed necessarily and uniquely. The centuries old wave particle problem is resolved. It is shown how particles, passing through two pinholes, travel along discrete trajectories to yell the double pinhole interference pattern. Initial positions determine which photons are reflected and which refracted at an interface; no probabilistic ideas are needed. The penetration of a barrier is the result of the quantum potential. the discrete trajectories and motion of the electron in the hydrogen atom are presented The motion of a particle in a box, the simple harmonic oscillator, and other examples are given. The Michelson–Morley result is revealed as a Doppler effect as originally predicted by Voigt in 1887 using absolute space–time. Absolute space–time physics is discussed in detail. This book provides the indispensable tools for physics of tomorrow. ' – most impressive and, indeed, fascinating. It is a tremendous achievement – a work of competence and of terrific dimensions.' Karl Popper."

ECOPHYSICS the application of physics to ecology
ECOPHYSICS the application of physics to ecology Book Cover.

Synopsis: "ECOPHYSICS, The Application of Physics to Ecology is the fist to be published in the area of ecophysics and presents original research done over the last twelve years in ecology using theoretical physics. The word "ecophysics", an abbreviation for ecological physics, is the study of ecology where physics is used as an important tool. The mets of designating this interdisciplinary field is based upon the time–honored precedent established by such fields as biophysics, geophysics, astrophysics and space physics. The field of ecology is assumed here to cover a broad range of topics, in particular any area of research dealing with life as it naturally occurs which does not involve any detailed internal examination of individual organisms. This new interdisciplinary field opens up whole new vistas for research and is bound to attract an increasing amount of attention in the future. Written primarily for physicists and mathematicians interested in theoretical ecology, this test should also interest ecologists, biologists, environmentalists, and exobiologists who have some background in mathematics and physics. Being interdisciplinary in scope, certain portions will be of special interest to power engineers, psychologists, anthropologists, sociologists, gerontologists, philosophers of science, and others. This book contains original research on selected problems in ecophysics and no attempt has been made to survey all possible topics. Ecophysics, employing the rigorous concepts of physics, requires its own definitions, laws and jargon. In order to familiarize the reader with these novel ideas and to demonstrate their utility, sufficient material had to be presented at one time, which has let to the present publication in book form. "

Co-authored or editor

LIGHT A PHOTON FLUX and other topics Cover Page.
LIGHT A PHOTON FLUX and other topics Book Cover.

"This book is dedicated to all of the physicists who have contributed to physics as a science despite opposition from the establishment. This book offers a scientifically consistent presentation of light, the most obvious and yet most misunderstood phenomenon observed by man. The existence of absolute space as the only physically legitimate reference for light propagation is the key for cosmology, neomechanics, and all laboratory-bound observations of light. Problems caused by the Michelson–Morley null result, the paradoxes by Olbers and Seeliger, the "Ether problem", the mass-energy relation E = mc2 with c2 the gravitational potential produced by the most distant bodies, gravitation, etc. can be solved on a single basis: Confirming Newton’s particle flux theory, light waves are shown to consist of crystalline arrays of photons bound by weak quantum potentials. Photons propagate along discrete trajectories. Wave phenomena and quantization are due to the coherent interaction between many quantum particles. The electrodynamic properties are due to electric dipole photons. Coherence, interference, refraction, light propagation in media, and related important experiments by Roemer, Bradley, Sagnac, Marinov, Conklin, Hoek, Dontsov-Baz, Panarella, and others are placed in a good light. No impossible "special relativity" with its space curvature, no "Big Bang" with its expansion of space, and no "Copenhagen quantum theory" with its uncertainty principle, erroneous de Broglie wave, wave packets, and single-particle interference."

progress in Space–Time Physics
Progress in Space–Time Physics Book Cover.

"The books is a collection of current research papers by the world' s foremost authorities in space-time physics and has been called into existence to circumvent the journal system bottleneck with its anonymous censors. Ideas of space-time specialists are freely expressed herein and have not been reviewed, edited or censored and may lack the polish that one is accustomed to in the "establishment" literature. Space-time physics is undoubtedly the most fundamental of all areas of physics as it is based upon the primitive ideas of space and time. To investigate space–time physics one necessarily becomes immediately involved with the behaviour of light, basic mechanics, electrodynamics, gravitational theory, quantum theory, the theory of measures and more. Questions are here considered including whether the "Lorentz covariance" of the Maxwell electrodynamics imply a "Lorentz transformation" of space and time or whether the original Ampere law for the force between current elements, which is not a "Lorentz covariant", imply some other space-time?"

All known academic works (1952-2005, also see citation volume)[22]

Authored and published works in physics

The Two Velocities of Classical Waves,[23] Ritz Is Wrong; the velocity of light is not c with respect o the moving source,[24] Light, a Flux of Electric Dipole Photons,[25] Proposed motors driven solely by Ampรจre repulsion,[26] Inertial Mass Energy Equivalence (or Inertial Mass of a Charge in a Uniform Electrostatic Field),[27] The Weber Cosmological Condition and Wesley Gravitation,[1] A Mathematical Error in the Lenard-Wiechert Retarded Potentials,[28] A Scalar Gravitation Theory in Absolute Space-Time,[29] Earnshaw and Thomson' s problem,[30] Classical interpretation of quantum mechanics,[31] Proposal to measure velocity of a closed laboratory,[32] Classical Quantum Theory,[15] A resolution of the classical wave–particle problem,[33] Why the EPR paradox has been resolved in favour of Einstein,[34] Causal Quantum Theory,[35] Experimental Results of Aspect et al. Confirm Classical Local Causality,[36] Failure of the Uncertainty Principle,[37] Proposal to Measure Absolute Velocity Using Two Independent Clocks,[38] LETTER TO THE EDITOR: On Peoglos' measurement of the force on a portion of a current loop due to the remainder of the loop,[39] Completely deterministic reflection and refraction of photons,[40] Wave mechanics with phase and particle velocities equal,[41] Causal quantum mechanics with phase and particle velocities equal,[42] Weber electrodynamics, part I. general theory, steady current effects,[43] Weber electrodynamics, part II unipolar induction, Z–antenna,[44] Weber electrodynamics: part III. mechanics, gravitation,[45] Weber potential from finite velocity of action?,[46] Proposed Weber potential with absolute velocities,[47] The Marinov Motor, Notional Induction without a Magnetic B Fiel,[48] Pinch effect and ampere tension to drive Hering' s pump,[49] EMPIRICALLY CORRECT ELECTRODYNAMICS,[50] Einstein dynamics without special-relativistic kinematics,[51] Comments on Prokhovnik' s critique of Marinov' s experiment,[52] Michelson–Morley null result, a Voigt–Doppler effect in absolute space-time,[53] Bradley aberration proposed to measure absolute velocity of closed laboratory,[54] Terrestrial Bradley aberration cannot be observed,[55] Proposal to measure terrestrial Bradley aberration,[56] Oneway Sagnac device to measure absolute velocity,[57] THE RESEARCH FRONTIER: Quasars as Protogalaxies,[58] Order versus Chaos in a Steady-State Cosmology,[59] A scalar theory of gravitation compatible with observations,[60], J. Weber' s data reveal 3 ways indicating that he could not have observed gravity waves,[61] Absurdity of the Biot–Savart law,[62] Hydrodynamic representation of quantum theory for particle trajectories exhibiting wave behaviour,[63] Evidence for Newtonian Absolute Space and Time,[64] Induction produces Aharonov–Bohm effect,[65] Theory for Marinov motor,[66] Oneway Michelson–Gale Experiment for Equatorial Component of Solar System Velocity,[67] The Failure of Quantum Mechanics,[68] Theorem and proof for the time variation of a vector field as seen by a moving point,[69] Lienard–Wiechert retarded potentials are wrong,[70] Preliminary ideas with an ad hoc specification of quantum particle trajectories to resolve the wave–particle problem,[71] The Wesley wave for a free quantum particle with a wave velocity equal to the observed particle velocity and with a wavelength equal to the observed de Broglie wavelength,[72] Wesley gravitation with a minor factor of 2 correction needed,[73] Wesley electrodynamics,[74] Michelson–Morley null result for sound and light is a classical Doppler effect,[75] Scalar theory of gravitation with mass equivalent of field energy as part of source,[76] An analysis of Peoglos' claims about the validity of the Biot–Savart law.[77] Spinning Charged Ring Model of Electron Yielding Anomalous Magnetic Moment.[92]

Co-authored publications in physics

Remarks to the Comment by J. R. Bray and M. C. Britton on,[78] Observation of scalar longitudinal electrodynamic waves,[79] Solar System Velocity from Muon Flux Anisotropy,[80] The Bethe–Weizsäcker Mass Formula and Lennard-Jones N–N Potentials (or The Bethe–Weizsäcker mass formula for nuclear masses derived from a Lennard-Jones nucleon-nucleon potential),[81] More debate on information and the PIE proposal,[82] Reflection and refraction of particle flux exhibiting wave behaviour.[83]

Some publications in geophysics

DIFFUSION OF SEISMIC ENERGY IN THE NEAR RANGE,[84] RESPONSE OF DYKE TO OSCILLATING DIPOLE, (alias Response to thin Dyke to Oscillating Dipole),[85] Occurrence of frequency squared factor in description of seismic wave energy flux.[86]

Publications in nuclear physics and biosystems

Thermodynamic estimate of the likelihood of life in the solar system,[4] Background Radiation as the Cause of Fatal Congenital Malformation,[87][88] Life and thermodynamic ordering of the Earth' s surface,[89] Theory for the electrodynamic field produced by a nuclear bomb exploded on the ground and at high altitude.[90]

Publications in social science

Frequency of wars and geographical opportunity.[91]

Book and Article Reviews

Book Review/Critique

Journal of Ecology, review by G. B. James: "In a world where most scientists seem content to work in watertight disciplines, it is good to see someone bravely exploring the no-man's land between the well established fields of research. It is a tricky business, and Dr Wesley will certainly be criticized by orthodox physicists and orthodox ecologists. Machines are a form of 'life', claims the author. He defines 'life' in terms of the thermodynamic interactions between a living organism and the environment, so his definition is not restricted to the forms of carbon-based life with which we are familiar. He discusses the basic physical requirements of a living organism in terms of energy, entropy and mass transport, and draws attention to the way machines are evolving, consuming energy, having a greater and greater impact on the biosphere. As yet, machines are not autonomous:they are dependent on Man for their supply of energy, for maintenance and for reproduction. However, in many ways machines are far superior to human beings. They are more efficient, they can be much more powerful and can have far more sensitive sensors. With the rapid 'evolution' of machines they will soon become 'autonomous', says the author, servicing and reproducing themselves. With machines as the dominant 'species', Man will become unnecessary in about 100 years. This all sounds like science fiction, but the author takes it very seriously. He believes that those who strive for the survival of the human species will always be in a minority,and that their case is hopeless. There are also some more down-to-earth chapters on elementary thermodynamics population dynamics, environmental physics, energy sources, etc.,but one cannot avoid the feeling that the main issue in the book is the question of machines replacing Man. There are clear and helpful diagrams and the mathematics are carefully laid out. However, this book is not for the ecologist wishing to learn some basic physics, neither is it for a physicist wanting to study ecology. It is a stimulating venture into a poorly understood interdisciplinary field, for an adventurous but critical mind already familiar with basic physics and biology."[93]

  • ' Classical Quantum Theory' [35]
  • Caroline H. Thompson provides a recommendation to read the book and a book critique regarding theories on non-locality in the Bell experiments. In her blog she reviews Pauls book and compares his theory to her understanding and theory regarding the EPR experiments through a conversation with another physicist George to discuss her Chaotic Ball paper: "G: I would like to recommend to everybody to read the chapter on Bell's inequality and Aspect's experiment in Paul Wesley's book Classical Quantum Theory. C: Yes indeed, I strongly support that suggestion! I got in touch with him and had a little correspondence after someone had let me know about his article in Physics Essays on subtraction of accidentals (Wesley, J P, "Experimental Results of Aspect et al Confirm Classical Local Causality", Physics Essays 7, 240 (1994)). He sent me his book. We agree on a great many things, one of which is that the whole Bell test business has nothing to do with real physics! You don't need to know about it as the quantum entanglement it is all about simply does not happen. We agree that Aspect's source would have involved atoms acting coherently, so that it was not reasonable to assume each pulse of light was one photon, but our ideas about the nature of light differ. Paul thinks each pulse was many tiny photons, whilst I think the photon does not exist and we have continuous electromagnetic oscillations. We agree that Aspect had no right to subtract accidentals without giving us more information, though Paul is wrong about the subtraction accounting for ALL his results. It accounts for two out of the three. The second experiment, with two detectors on each side, needs another explanation, and this is where my Chaotic Ball comes in. The subtraction here increases the amount of the violation but even without it there is some. We disagree slightly about hidden variables. I suspect that we are using the term slightly differently -- the "hidden variables" in the class of models I consider are (as in Clauser and Horne's work) just shared parameters from the source that, together with the detector setting, determine the probability of detection. He has, I think, got the mathematics a little wrong too, unless he has spotted a short cut that I have missed. Looking at it again, I definitely think my approach is the only logical one, though somehow he gets to the same answer! So, unless you can prove me wrong, ignore his page 144 and look instead at Appendix C of my paper, quant-ph/9903066. Paul is misleading, too, on the matter of claims to have detected single photons. The published papers DO quote the estimated efficiencies of the detectors --- always very small, though (since his "photons" are smaller than standard QM ones) not as small as he thinks they "really" are. His argument is that when a photomultiplier registers something it always requires at least 4 "photons". The logic of Bell tests does not, incidentally, really require that the experiments handle single photons. It works equally well if you substitute "light pulses", so long as these arrive with gaps in between so that pairs can be identified unambiguously. Much of the book is devoted to defence of his photon ideas, but its 345 pages contain a wealth of other material. It includes insightful discussions on many topics, from Heisenberg Uncertainty to Fresnel drag, wave packets, standing light waves, and the supposed evidence for change of mass of the electron. Plenty of references too. Highly recommended!"

    Article Review/Critique

    Journal of Scientific Exploration, experiment reconstruction by Butterworth E., Allison C., Cavazos D., and Mullen F.: With his unorthodox approach and unconventional thinking J. P. Wesley has made many critics over the years in the established physics scientific community as well as communities touched on by his multidisciplinary efforts including his research in Ecophysics. His belief that the Maxwell electromagnetic theories are wrong due to the existence of longitudinal electromagnetic waves as shown by experiments conducted by Monstein C. is one example. His doubt and willingness to explore the truth have been recently put to the test in 2013 when a team of researchers at the Texas AM University in Kingsville re-created the experimental setup that Monstein and Wesley (MW) had used. What is fascinating is that the authors admit that while MW's theory is almost universally considered incorrect their new experimental results matched the MW's theory closely, even more so than MW's experimental result itself. The authors further refute MW's theory without providing their own hypothesis and alternative while comparing it to one alternative theory by Rebilas who believed ground plasma currents were at fault, which claim the authors successfully refuted with reasoning.[94]

    References

    1. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P. (2001–01–01). "The Weber Cosmological Condition and Wesley Gravitation". Physics Essays 14 (2). doi:10.4006/1.3025476. 
    2. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Member | Natural Philosophers Database". db.naturalphilosophy.org. Retrieved 2016–01–15. 
    3. ^ Jump up to: a b Baños, Alfredo Jr.; & Wesley, James Paul. (1953). The Horizontal Electric Dipole in a Conducting Half–Space. Scripps Institution of Oceanography. UC San Diego: Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Retrieved from: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5d5419sv.
    4. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wesley, J. P. (1967–08–01). "Thermodynamic estimate of the likelihood of life in the solar system (NASA report NGR 26 004 014, Washington, D.C., 1966)". Biosystems 1 (3), pp. 214–221. doi:10.1016/0303–2647(67)90059-7. 
    5. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P. (1961–04–01). "Oscillating Vertical Magnetic Dipole Above a Conducting Half–Space". California. Univ., Livermore. Lawrence Radiation Lab. 
    6. Jump up ^ Edgar Bruce, Wesley (2016–01–12). "Edgar and Fay Wesley Family". FamilySearch. 
    7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Marquis Who's Who On Demand โ€” Biography for "Wesley, James"". cgi.marquiswhoswho.com - see PDF. Purchased 2016–01–15. 
    8. Jump up ^ Wesley, Edgar Bruce; Cartwright, William H (1967–01–01). Teaching social studies in elementary schools. Boston: Heath. 
    9. Jump up ^ Wesley, Edgar Bruce (1957–01–01). NEA: the first hundred years: the building of the teaching profession. New York: Harper. 
    10. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul (2015–12–01). "Lebensereignisse". James Paul Wesley. Facebook. Retrieved 2016 January 15. 
    11. Jump up ^ "SHIELDING AGAINST MAGNETIC RADIATION LOSS FROM A HOT PLASMA [electronic resource]. in SearchWorks". searchworks.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2016–01–17. 
    12. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P., (1997–1–1), Ecophysics the Application of Physics to Ecology, Blumberg Germany, re–published by Benjamin Wesley 1997 – ISBN 3–9800942–6–X (originally published in 1974 by Charles C Thomas Springfield Illinois).
    13. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P. (1983–12–01). Causal quantum theory. Blumberg, Germany: Benjamin Wesley. ISBN 3–9800942–0–0. 
    14. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P. (1991–12–01). Selected Topics in Advanced Fundamental Physics. Blumberg, West Germany: Benjamin Wesley. ISBN 9783980094245. 
    15. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P., (1996–1–1), Classical Quantum Theory, Blumberg: Benjamin Wesley, pp. 152–66, also APEIRON Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1995, pp. 27–32. 
    16. ^ Jump up to: a b Proceedings of ICSTA International Conference on Space-Time Absoluteness Genoa, 8–11 July 1982 – published by EST–OVEST Editrice Internazionale 1982.
    17. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P., Bartocci, U., (1989–1–1), ed. Proceedings of the Conference on Foundations of Mathematics & Physics, Perugia Italy, published by Benjamin Wesley.
    18. Jump up ^ Marquardt, Peter; Galeczki, Georg; Wesley, James Paul, eds. (1998–01–01). Physics as a science. Palm Harbor, FL: Hadronic Press. ISBN 1574850318 97 . 
    19. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P., (1987–1–1), ed. progress in Space-Time Physics, published 1987 by Benjamin Wesley ISBN 3–9800942–2–7.
    20. ^ Jump up to: a b Wesley, J. P., Marquardt, Peter, (2006–1–1), Light a Photon Flux and other topics, Blumberg Germany, published by Benjamin Wesley, ISBN 3–9800942–10–2.
    21. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (2002–1–1), Selected Topics in Scientific Physics (Benjamin Wesley, Germany), ISBN 3–9800942–9–4.
    22. Jump up ^ "J. P. Wesley". academic.research.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2016–01–12. 
    23. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2004–01–01). "The Two Velocities of Classical Waves". Physics Essays 17 (2). doi:10.4006/1.3025664. 
    24. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2003–01–01). "Ritz Is Wrong". Physics Essays 16 (3). doi:10.4006/1.3025592. 
    25. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2003–01–01). "Light, a Flux of Electric Dipole Photons". Physics Essays 16 (4). doi:10.4006/1.3025612. 
    26. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2003–01–01). "Proposed motors driven solely by Ampรจre repulsion". Europhysics Letters (epl) 63 (2), pp. 214–219. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00511-0. 
    27. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2001–01–01). "Inertial Mass Energy Equivalence". Physics Essays 14 (1). doi:10.4006/1.3025463. 
    28. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2000–01–01). "A Mathematical Error in the Lienard–Wiechert Retarded Potentials". Physics Essays 13 (4). doi:10.4006/1.3025446. 
    29. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1988–01–01). "A Scalar Gravitation Theory in Absolute Space-Time". Physics Essays 1 (2). doi:10.4006/1.3036451. 
    30. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1987–01–01). "Earnshaw and Thomson’s problem". American Journal of Physics 55 (11). doi:10.1119/1.14903. 
    31. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1961–01–01), Classical interpretation of quantum mechanics, Phys. Rev. 122:1932;
    32. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1981–12–01). "Proposal to measure velocity of a closed laboratory". Foundations of Physics 11 (11-12), pp. 945–946. doi:10.1007/BF00727110. ISSN 0015–9018. 
    33. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1984–02–01). "A resolution of the classical wave-particle problem". Foundations of Physics 14 (2), pp. 155–170. doi:10.1007/BF00729972. ISSN 0015–9018. 
    34. Jump up ^ Wesley, J.P., (1988–01–01), Why the EPR paradox has been resolved in favor of Einstein, in: Microphysical Reality and Quantum Formalism, Urbino, Italy 1986. Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam, eds. van der Merwe et al., pp. 435–441.
    35. Jump up ^ Wesley, J.P., (1983–01–01), Causal Quantum Theory, Benjamin Wesley, 78176 Blumberg, Germany.
    36. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1994–01–01). "Experimental Results of Aspect et al. Confirm Classical Local Causality". Physics Essays 7 (2). doi:10.4006/1.3029136. 
    37. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1996–01–01). "Failure of the Uncertainty Principle". Physics Essays 9 (3). doi:10.4006/1.3029252. 
    38. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1989–01–01). "Proposal to Measure Absolute Velocity Using Two Independent Clocks". Physics Essays 2 (4). doi:10.4006/1.3035890. 
    39. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1989–01–01). "LETTER TO THE EDITOR: On Peoglos' measurement of the force on a portion of a current loop due to the remainder of the loop". Journal of Physics D-applied Physics 22 (6), pp. 849–850. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/22/6/024. 
    40. Jump up ^ Wesley, J.P., (1988–01–01), Completely deterministic reflection and refraction of photons, in: Problems in Quantum Physics, Gdansk 1987, World Scientific, Singapore, eds. Kostro, L., Posiewnik, A., Pykacz, J., and Zukowski, M., pp. 861–872.
    41. Jump up ^ Wesley, J.P., (1962–01–01), Wave mechanics with phase and particle velocities equal, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7:31.
    42. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (2007–12–13). "Causal quantum mechanics with phase and particle velocities equal". Il Nuovo Cimento (1955–1965) 37 (3), pp. 989–1003. doi:10.1007/BF02773188. ISSN 1827–6121. 
    43. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1990–10–01). "Weber electrodynamics, part I. general theory, steady current effects". Foundations of Physics Letters 3 (5), pp. 443–469. doi:10.1007/BF00665929. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    44. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1990–10–01). "Weber electrodynamics, part II unipolar induction, Z-antenna". Foundations of Physics Letters 3 (5), pp. 471–490. doi:10.1007/BF00665930. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    45. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1990–12–01). "Weber electrodynamics: part III. mechanics, gravitation". Foundations of Physics Letters 3 (6), pp. 581–605. doi:10.1007/BF00666027. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    46. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1992–12–01). "Weber potential from finite velocity of action?". Foundations of Physics Letters 5 (6), pp. 597–604. doi:10.1007/BF00665941. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    47. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1995–02–01). "Proposed Weber potential with absolute velocities". Foundations of Physics Letters 8 (1), pp. 93–98. doi:10.1007/BF02187535. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    48. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1998–01–01), "The Marinov Motor Notional Induction without a Magnetic B Field", APEIRON Vol. 5, No. 3–4, July–October 1998, pp. 219–225.
    49. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1994–02–01). "Pinch effect and ampere tension to drive bering' s pump". Foundations of Physics Letters 7 (1), pp. 95–104. doi:10.1007/BF02056556. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    50. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1997–04–01). "Empirically correct electrodynamics". Foundations of Physics Letters 10 (2), pp. 189–204. doi:10.1007/BF02764239. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    51. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1980-06-01). "Einstein dynamics without special-relativistic kinematics". Foundations of Physics 10 (5-6), pp. 503–511. doi:10.1007/BF00708747. ISSN 0015–9018. 
    52. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1980–10–01). "Comments on Prokhovnik' s critique of Marinov' s experiment". Foundations of Physics 10 (9–10), pp. 803–805. doi:10.1007/BF00708424. ISSN 0015–9018. 
    53. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1986–08–01). "Michelson–Morley result, a Voigt–Doppler effect in absolute space–time". Foundations of Physics 16 (8), pp. 817–824.doi:10.1007/BF00735382. ISSN 0015–9018. 
    54. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1989–12–01). "Bradley aberration proposed to measure absolute velocity of closed laboratory". Foundations of Physics Letters 2 (6), pp. 607–616. doi:10.1007/BF00692837. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    55. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1990–08–01). "Terrestrial Bradley aberration cannot be observed". Foundations of Physics Letters 3 (4), pp. 395–397. doi:10.1007/BF00769712. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    56. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1992–02–01). "Proposal to measure terrestrial Bradley aberration". Foundations of Physics Letters 5 (1), pp. 77–82. doi:10.1007/BF00689799. ISSN 0894–9875. 
    57. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1994-10-01). "Oneway Sagnac device to measure absolute velocity". Foundations of Physics Letters 7 (5), pp. 493–499. doi:10.1007/BF02189253. ISSN 0894–9875.. 
    58. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul (1969-09-01). "THE RESEARCH FRONTIER: Quasars as Protogalaxies". The Physics Teacher 7 (6), pp. 348–349. doi:10.1119/1.2351401. ISSN 0031–921X. 
    59. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1996–07–01). "Order versus Chaos in a Steady-State Cosmology", APEIRON Vol. 3, No.3-4, pp. 92-98. 
    60. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1968–01–01), "A scalar theory of gravitation compatible with observations", Bull. Am. Pays. Soc. 14, 91.
    61. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1970–01–01), "J. Weber' s data reveal 3 ways indicating that he could not have observed gravity waves", Bull. Am. Pays. Soc., 15, 663.
    62. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1983–01–01), "Absurdity of the Biot–Savart law", Bull. Am. Pays. Soc., 28, 1310.
    63. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1995–01–01), "Hydrodynamic representation of quantum theory for particle trajectories exhibiting wave behaviour", APEIRON, 2, 27.
    64. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1998–01–01), "Evidence for Newtonian Absolute Space and Time, in Open Questions in Relativistic Physics", Proc., Athens Conf., ed. Sellers, F. (APEIRON, Montreal, 1998), pp. 285–261.
    65. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1998–01–01), "Induction produces Aharonov–Bohm effect", APEIRON, Ephemeris, 5, (1-2), pp. 73-78.
    66. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1998–01–01), Theory for Marinov motor, in Physics as a Science, ads. Galeczki, G., Marquardt, P., Wesley, J. P., (Hadronic Press, Palm Harbor, FL, USA), pp. 285–296.
    67. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1999–01–01), "Oneway Michelson–Gale Experiment for Equatorial Component of Solar System Velocity", in Galileo Back in Italy II. Int. Conf., Bologna 1999, ed. Monti, R. (Andromeda, Bologna, 1999), pp. 108-117.
    68. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1996–01–01), "The Failure of Quantum Mechanics", in La Scienza e i Vortici del Dubbio, Proc. Int. Conf. Perugia, Italy 1996, eds. Conti, L., Capria, M. M., (Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, Naples, 1999) pp. 381-394.
    69. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1999–07–01), "Theorem and proof for the time variation of a vector field as seen by a moving point", APEIRON, Ephemeris, 6, (3–4), pp. 237–238.
    70. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (2001–01–01), "Lienard-Wiechert retarded potentials are wrong", Phys. Essays, 14.
    71. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1961–01–01), "Preliminary ideas with an ad hoc specification of quantum particle trajectories to resolve the wave–particle problem", Phys. Rev., 122, 1932.
    72. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1965–01–01), "The Wesley wave for a free quantum particle with a wave velocity equal to the observed particle velocity and with a wavelength equal to the observed de Broglie wavelength", Il Nuovo Cimento, 37, 989.
    73. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1988–01–01), "Wesley gravitation with a minor factor of 2 correction needed", Physics Essays, 1, 85.
    74. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1997–01–01), Wesley electrodynamics, Found. Pays. Lets., 10, 189.
    75. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (2005–01–01), "Michelson–Morley null result for sound and light is a classical Doppler effect", Hadronic J., 28 (5), 513.
    76. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1968–01–01), "Scalar theory of gravitation with mass equivalent of field energy as part of source", Bull. Am. Pays. Soc., 13, 662.
    77. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1989–01–01), "An analysis of Peoglos' claims about the validity of the Biot–Savart law", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 22, 849.
    78. Jump up ^ Monstein, C.; Wesley, J. P. (2004–01–01). "Remarks to the Comment by J. R. Bray and M. C. Britton on". Europhysics Letters (epl) 66 (1), pp. 155–156. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003–10145–8. 
    79. Jump up ^ Monstein, C.; Wesley, J. P. (2002–01–01). "Observation of scalar longitudinal electrodynamic waves". Europhysics Letters (epl) 59 (4), pp. 514–520. doi:10.1209/epl/i2002–00136–9. 
    80. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., Monstein, C., (1996–4–1), Solar System Velocity from Muon Flux Anisotropy", 1996, APEIRON Vol 3, No. 2, pp. 33–37.
    81. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul; Green, Alex E. S. (1968–12–01). "The Bethe-Weizsäcker Mass Formula and Lennard–Jones N–N Potentials". American Journal of Physics 36 (12), pp. 1093–1096. doi:10.1119/1.1974371. ISSN 0002–9505. 
    82. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul; Levinger, Joseph S.; Grosch, H. R. J.; Kumar, Kailash (2009–01–14). "More debate on information and the PIE proposal". Physics Today 19 (10), pp. 11–16. doi:10.1063/1.3047752. 
    83. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1987–01–01), "Reflection and refraction of particle flux exhibiting wave behavior, in Problems in Quantum Physics", Proceedings, Gdansk Poland, eds. Kostro, L., Posiewnki, A., Pykacz, J., and Zukowski (World Scientific, Singapore, 1988), pp. 861–872.
    84. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul (1965–10–15). "Diffusion of seismic energy in the near range". Journal of Geophysical Research 70 (20), pp. 5099–5106. doi:10.1029/JZ070i020p05099. ISSN 2156-2202. 
    85. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul. "RESPONSE OF DYKE TO OSCILLATING DIPOLE". GEOPHYSICS 23 (1), pp. 128–133. doi:10.1190/1.1438437. 
    86. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1963–01–01), "Occurrence of frequency squared factor in description of seismic wave energy flux", J. Geophys. Re., 70, 5099.
    87. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P. (1960–01–01). "Background Radiation as the Cause of Fatal Congenital Malformation". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine 2 (3), pp. 333–334. doi:10.1080/09553006014550391. ISSN 0020-7616. 
    88. Jump up ^ Wesley, James Paul (1960–01–01). "Background Radiation as the Cause of Fatal Congenital Malformation". International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine 2 (1), pp. 97–118. doi:10.1080/09553006014550101. ISSN 0020–7616. 
    89. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1989–01–01), "Life and thermodynamic ordering of the Earth' s surface", Evolutionary Theory, 9, 45.
    90. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1958–01–01), "Theory for the electrodynamic field produced by a nuclear bomb exploded on the ground", Report 5177 , and "Theory for the electrodynamic field produced by a nuclear bomb exploded at high altitude", Univ. Calif. Rad. Lab. Report 5157, Univ. Calif. Rad. Lab. (Livermore, Calif. 1958).
    91. Jump up ^ Wesley, J. P., (1962–01–01), "Frequency of wars and geographical opportunity", Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 387–389.
    92. Jump up ^ Bergman, L. David, Wesley, J. P., (1993–01–01), "Spinning Charged Ring Model of Electron Yielding Anomalous Magnetic Moment", Reprint. Used by permission of Galilean Electrodynamics, Vol. 1, pp. 63–67; (Sept./Oct. 1990).
    93. Jump up ^ James, G. B. 1976. Review of Ecophysics: "The Application of Physics to Ecology." Journal of Ecology 64 (2). [Wiley, British Ecological Society]: 789–90. doi:10.2307/2258802.
    94. Jump up ^ Butterworth E., Allison C., Cavazos D., Mullen F., (2015-1-15), "Longitudinal Electromagnetic Waves? The Monstein-Wesley Experiment Reconstructed", Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 13-23.

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